Building on herzbergs twofactor theory, personenvironment fit theory, as well as recent subsaharan evidence, analysis of the collected data yields four turnover mechanisms. The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs motivatorhygiene theory introduction to business. Theory desi 1971 has suggested that is situations in which individuals are experiencing a high level of intrinsic motivation, the addition of extrinsic rewards for good performance may decrease intrinsic motivation. Job dissatisfaction, job satisfaction, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory, herzbergs twofactor theory. The twofactor theory was tested by many other researchers. Herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content. Read this article to learn about herzbergs theory of motivation. The study aims to find the relationship between the employees motivation and productivity of the organization, using the relevant questionnaire to measure these variables. The debate began with the publication of herzbergs book the motivation to work 1959, in which inter. Unlike maslows theory, herzberg s motivation hygiene theory claims that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction result from different causes. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation.
Teoxon,rn herzbergs motivationhygiene theory also known as two factor theory developed by frederick herzberg psychologist who found that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction acted independently of each other states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause. It was developed by frederick herzberg, a psychologist, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other. Herzberg s motivation theory model, or two factor theory, argues that there are two factors that an organization can adjust to influence motivation in the workplace. Another popular content perspective on motivation is the twofactor theory developed by fredrick herzberg. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivation hygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector.
Frederick herzberg motivation theory frederick herzberg 19232000, clinical psychologist and pioneer of job enrichment, is regarded as one of the great original thinkers in. This provides univerlistic perspective on work motivation a perspective deem deemphasising individual differences and is derived from maslows work. Another name for herzbergs theory is the motivationhygiene theory. Herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. Kwasi and amoako 2011 justified, through exploratory literature, for application of herzbergs theory in ghana context given relevancy of hygiene and motivation factors and africa in general to.
There could be a switch in focus from intrinsic to extrinsic motivation. This american psychologist, who was very interested in peoples motivation and job satisfaction, came up with the theory. Herzbergs theory frederick herzbergs motivationhygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. Content theories of motivation herzberg s motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Herzbergs twofactor theory was used to assist with investigating and determining the level and impact that hygiene and motivation factors have on job involvement. How do you motivate employees, the conclusions he drew were extraordinarily influential, and still form the bedrock of good motivational practice nearly half a century later. Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of. Beth polin department of management, marketing, and international business this study attempts to fully investigate the wellresearched and worldrenowned theory the two factor theory of motivation by frederick herzberg. Accordingly, herzbergs twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al.
Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction. These results form the basis of herzbergs motivationhygiene theory sometimes known as herzbergs two factor theory. Employee needs and motivation boundless management. This theory, also called the motivationhygiene theory or the dualfactor theory, was penned by frederick herzberg in 1959. Frederick herzberg developed the two factor theory popularly known as motivational hygiene theory. The psychologist frederick herzberg extended the work of maslow and propsed a new motivation theory popularly known as herzbergs motivation hygiene twofactor theory. In this context, the study was conducted wherein the experiences and feelings of 200 engineers and accountants were. Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzbergs twofactor theory or herzbergs dualfactor theory 1959.
Herzberg found that the factors causing job satisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by. The result of this research became known as herzbergs hygiene theory or the two factor theory and showed that those factors that gave a person satisfaction at work and those. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. According to herzberg, factors that affect employee dissatisfaction, or hygiene factors, have to do with the external work. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work. Herzberg conducted a widely reported motivational study on 200 accountants and engineers employed by firms in and around western. Herzbergs theory frederick herzbergs motivation hygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. Herzbergs motivators and hygiene factors businessballs. It was based on the contents of interviews conducted on 200 engineers and accountants employed by firms in and around pittsburgh. Frederick herzberg, the motivating factors are the six job content factors that include achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility. Ed421486 19970700 herzbergs theory of motivation and. Herzbergs hygienemotivation theory is derived from the outcomes of several investigations into job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, studies which replicated his original research in pittsburgh. Herzberg two factor theory human resource management.
According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. Although herzberg s ideas have been widely read and his recommendations implemented at numerous companies over the years, there are some very legitimate concerns about herzberg s work. The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high. Maslow, a behavioral scientist and contemporary of herzbergs, developed a theory about the rank and satisfaction of various human needs and how people pursue these needs. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The main purpose of this article is to point out the motivatorhygiene factors that have a significant impact on the overall level of employee job.
These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory herzbergs motivation hygiene theory is often called the two factor theory and focuses on those sources of motivation which are pertinent to the accomplishment of work hall and williams 1986, 6. The impact of herzbergs two factor theory and efficiency. Frederick herzberg the hygiene motivation theory cmi. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory this theory classifies the factors needed to motivate people into two categories.
Herzbergs motivators and hygiene factors achievement to advancement are motivators. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through. Frederick herzberg 19232000 was a us clinical psychologist who later became professor of management at. These wont encourage employees to work harder but they will cause them to become unmotivated if they are not present. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. Based on percentages of total factors causing high and low attitude effects. A select group of elementary school teachers in taiwan was chosen for this study. On the other hand, motivators are the real factors that motivate employees at work. For more information about eric, contact ed421486 19970700 herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of needs.
This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content theory. Herzbergs two factor theory, also known as the motivationhygiene theory, was derived from a study designed to test the concept that people have two sets of needs. Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of needs. The key factor that differentiates twofactor theory is. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector. These theories are widely cited in the business literature. It is also known as motivation hygiene theory or motivation maintenance theory. Among various behavioral theories long generally believed and embraced by american business are those of frederick herzberg and abraham maslow. Although his findings have been used to explain employee motivation, in fact his studies focused on job satisfaction, a different though related concept from motivation. He used the critical incident method of obtaining data. Herzbergs twofactor theory, mcclellands need theory, and maslows hierarchy of needs all talk about higherlevel psychological needs such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement. The herzbergs motivationhygiene theory is given by fredrick herzberg and his associates, who studied the variables that are perceived to be desirable to achieve goals and the undesirable conditions to avoid.